Sculpture (c): Possible faces
Contemporary sculpture that explores human emotions
through figures from Greek mythology
Kalliope, immortal inspiration
Kalliope is one of the nine Muses. Muses are the goddesses of art and science. They are the daughters of Zeus, the supreme god, and Mnemosyne, one of the six Titanides and the personification of memory. Kalliope had two sons: Linus, who is relatively unknown, and Orpheus. The father of Orpheus is Oeagrus, king of Pieria in northern Greece, although Apollo is also mentioned. Zeus begot the nine Muses with Mnemosyne over nine nights:
- Erato: love poetry and lyricism
- Euterpe: flute playing
- Kalliope: heroic epic, philosophy, and rhetoric
- Klio: historiography
- Melpomene: tragedy
- Polyhymnia: rhetoric and sacred songs
- Terpsichore: dance and lyric poetry
- Thalia: comedy
- Urania: astronomy
A temple in which the Muses are worshipped is called a 'mouseion' in Greek. The term 'museum' is derived from this."
Sculpture, mixed techniques, 2025
64 x 33 x 25 cm
Kalliope, immortal inspiration
Homer (ca. 800 – 750 BC) begins both The Iliad and The Odyssey by invoking a muse. Hesiod (ca. 750 – 650 BC), the author of the Theogony—a list of gods and goddesses—also begins his work with a similar call. Later, we see that Virgil (70 – 19 BC) also invokes the muses to help him tell his story about Aeneas. Still later, we see this phenomenon in the work of other great authors, such as Dante (1265 – 1321), Chaucer (1343 – 1400), Shakespeare (1564 – 1616), and Milton (1608 – 1674).
The muses are sources of inspiration. They were not easy to get along with, those muses. To secure their position, they competed with the daughters of the Macedonian king Pierus, for example, who also had ambitions as muses. That ended badly for those women; they were turned into magpies."
Hekabe
Loss and dignity in the face of fate
Hekabe was the chief wife of the Trojan king Priam. She had nineteen children with him, including Hector, Paris, and Kassandra. Due to the Trojan War, she lost her husband and children and was forced into slavery.
In Homer's Iliad (ca. 800 – 750 BC), Hekabe is mentioned six times—for instance, when she begs her son Hector not to fight Achilles (XXII.86), and when she mourns his death in this battle (XXIV.748-759). She describes Achilles as "a savage man whose central liver I would like to sink my teeth into and eat" (XXIV.212-214).
In the works of Euripides (ca. 480 – 406 BC), Hekabe serves as the protagonist of two tragedies. In The Trojan Women, Euripides recounts how she is taken into slavery by Odysseus. In the tragedy Hekabe, he describes how she loses her children Polyxena and Polydoros, and how she exacts gruesome revenge on Polymestor, Polydoros' murderer (she kills his two sons and gouges out his eyes). Agamemnon sides with her and punishes the blinded Polymestor. Polymestor then predicts a grim fate in which Hekabe transforms into a dog and drowns.
Hekabe is the personification of sound matriarchal political governance, as well as the embodiment of the suffering inflicted upon women and children by the disastrous, patriarchal exercise of power—which frequently results in wars and other forms of violence.
Mixed techniques, 2025
95 x 36 x 30 cm
Hekabe
Loss and dignity in the face of fate
The story Kassandra by East German author Christa Wolf (1929–2011) offers a socially critical and feminist interpretation of the rising patriarchy in Troy. Initially, Hekabe was the influential wife of Priam, but she gradually lost her influence due to a growing, controlling state apparatus and a rigorous security service led by the officer Eumelos. The comparison to the East German DDR system is clear. Ultimately, Hekabe lost both her husband and her children.
Hekabe personifies good matriarchal political governance, as well as the suffering of women and children caused by the disastrous exercise of patriarchal power, which often results in wars and other forms of violence.
Mixed techniques, 2025
95 x 36 x 30 cm
Hekabe
Hekabe
Kalypso: hidden temptation
Homer's Odyssey begins with the invocation of the Muse. The poet asks the Muse to explain why Odysseus—despite all his adventures and dangerous journeys, and in spite of his ardent desire to return home—has been prevented from doing so for seven years by the nymph Kalypso, who wants to marry him. She promises him immortality and eternal youth.
The gods take the Muse's request to heart and agree—with the exception of Poseidon—that enough is enough. The divine messenger Hermes is sent to pressure Kalypso into letting Odysseus go, which eventually happens.
Kalypso is the daughter of Atlas, the Titan who, as punishment for losing the battle against the Olympian gods, was condemned to carry the celestial vault on his shoulders. Kalypso was exiled to and hidden on the island of Ogygia. Once every few years, a hero would pass by, with whom she would fall in love, but with whom she could never build a lasting relationship. Odysseus was one such hero. He remained under her spell for seven years and, according to Hesiod, they had two sons together.
Mixed techniques, 2025
110 x 40 x 30 c
Alkinoos: a friend at the end
King of Phaeacia (Scheria)
After his more or less forced seven-year stay on the island of Ogygia with the nymph Kalypso, Odysseus is shipwrecked once again with his raft and arrives half-dead on Scheria, the land of the Phaeacians. The king's daughter, Nausicaa, finds him, takes care of him, and sends him to her parents, Alcinous and Arete. Odysseus is kindly received by the warm and wise royal couple, but he appears to have lost his memory. Little by little, the events of the past return to him. Odysseus does not suffer from a genuine medical amnesia on Scheria; rather, out of political prudence and sheer self-preservation, he initially conceals his identity.
The memories of the Trojan War and his wanderings are gradually brought back to the surface by specific stimuli within the palace of Alcinous and Arete. As a result, Odysseus abandons his anonymity and, with the famous words, 'I am Odysseus, son of Laertes...', takes control of his own story. In the subsequent books (9 to 12), he retroactively narrates his entire adventure from Troy to Ogygia to the Phaeacians. For Homer, this is a stylistic device. Odysseus's tale serves as a narrative device for his dramas about the Trojan War and Odysseus's dramatic journey home."
Sculpture pair 2025:
Alkinoos, 32 x 27 x 37 cm
Arete , 29 x 25 x 32 cm
Arete: a friend at the end
Queen of Phaeacia (Scheria)
The epic uses a layered structure of narrative levels. The story of the Odyssey is told through a flashback technique. It is a frame narrative—featuring stories within a story—as is frequently seen in literature. Homer, assuming he was the author, describes the stages of the Odyssey in retrospect. For Odysseus, this represents his final stop before his newly made friends bring him back to his homeland, Ithaca.
Sculpture pair 2025:
Alkinoos, 32 x 27 x 37 cm
Arete , 29 x 25 x 32 cm
Aphrodite: Cunning beauty
Aphrodite is the goddess of love and beauty. She was born at sea from the silver foam on the water that had gathered there after her father Uranus was castrated with a diamond sickle by his son Kronos. Aphrodite floated to the beach on a shell, blown by the winds Zephyrus and Aura. The Tuscan Renaissance painter Botticelli (1445 - 1510) created an iconic painting of this "shell journey".
Aphrodite is married to the crippled god of blacksmiths, Hephaistos, following a successful blackmail attempt by the latter on his mother Hera. Aphrodite's lover was Ares, the god of war. With him she had seven children: Harmonia, Deimos, Phobos, Eros, Himeros, Pothos, and Anteros. She also maintained relationships with Dionysus, Hermes, and a mortal, the Trojan shepherd prince Anchises. From this last union Aeneas was born, one of the few who managed to flee to Italy after the destruction of Troy.
Aphrodite was one of the three goddesses, alongside Hera and Athena, who competed for a golden apple "for the fairest", which a resentful goddess had thrown into the gathering during a divine wedding. She won by bribing the sole juror, Paris, a disowned son of the Trojan royal couple Priam and Hekabe. All in all, this led to the war for Troy, which is another story.
Sculpture
Mixed techniques, 2025
60 x 35 x 28 cm
Worpsweder Hades
Hades is the god of the underworld. The dead end up there, ferried across the River Styx by Charon, the boatman. At least, if they are properly buried and have a coin, an obol, placed under their tongue. After all, only the sun rises for nothing, even according to the ancient Greeks.
Hades is the brother of Zeus. In fact, he belongs to the Olympian gods, but he hardly ever leaves his realm of the dead. Except for when he kidnapped Persephone with a lot of noise and thunder and made her his bride.
Hades must rule an immeasurable empire. For so many centuries, the deceased have been given their place there. His empire probably extends beneath the entire surface of the earth, and perhaps across different layers. His territory could also be located under the surface of the German artists' village of Worpswede. I strongly believe he even bumped his nose there. I found his nose there during my walks in the 'Teufelsmoor'. If that isn't rock-solid evidence!
Sculpture
Mixed techniques, 2026
Orestes: haunted by vengeance
Orestes is the son of Agamemnon and Klytaimnestra, and the brother of Elektra, Chrysothemis, and Iphigenia. Agamemnon wanted to sacrifice his eldest daughter, Iphigenia, to obtain favorable winds so he could sail to Troy with his fleet. Those winds had been withheld from him because he had offended Artemis, the goddess of the hunt. At the very last moment, the girl was rescued by Artemis, who replaced her with a deer.
This intended sacrifice of her daughter drove Klytaimnestra to murder Agamemnon upon his return home from Troy. Her son, Orestes, avenged his father's murder by killing both his mother and her lover, Aegisthos. Because of his crime, Orestes was relentlessly pursued by the Furies, the goddesses of vengeance.
After being rescued by Artemis, Iphigenia was placed as a priestess in one of the goddess's sanctuaries in the Crimea (Tauris). Years later, she met her brother Orestes there. She was forced to condemn him to death because he had entered the sanctuary as an unwanted foreigner. This proved too much for her to bear. Using a clever ruse, they fled together back to their native homeland of Mycenae.
The story of Orestes was dramatized by the ancient playwrights Aeschylus (525–456 BC) and Euripides (480–406 BC), as well as in a modern adaptation by Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) titled Les Mouches (The Flies), published in 1943.
Sculpture
Mixed techniques, 2026
Ubiquitous Pallas Athena
Pallas Athena is a daughter of Zeus, born from his head after Hephaestus cleaved his skull because Zeus had such a severe headache.
Athena was, alongside Hera and Aphrodite, one of the goddesses who participated in the competition to determine who was the most beautiful. Eris, the goddess of discord, had thrown a golden apple among the celebrating gods at a wedding. Written on the apple was: 'For the fairest'.
Zeus did not want to get his hands dirty with this matter, as his wife Hera was also competing. Therefore, Zeus outsourced the choice to a handsome shepherd, who later happened to be an exiled son of King Priam and Queen Hekabe of Troy. The candidates tried to bribe the shepherd. Hera promised him power, Athena promised him wisdom, and Aphrodite promised him the most beautiful woman on earth. Paris, who could have used wisdom, chose the latter offer. The most beautiful woman was Helen, but she was married to Menelaus of Sparta. Naturally, that caused trouble. After Paris abducted Helen, the assembled Greeks sailed to Troy to retrieve her and to punish the city. Athena was highly influential and omnipresent in this campaign, as is clear from the stories Homer wrote about it.
Sculpture, 2026
Mixed techniques
Tormented Orpheus
Orpheus is a mythological musician, singer, and poet. He was the son of King Oeagrus of Thrace and Kalliope, the muse of epic poetry, philosophy, and rhetoric. A day before his wedding to Eurydice, his fiancée is bitten by a snake and dies. Orpheus descends into the underworld to try to get her back.
Through the spell of his singing and music, the god of the underworld, Hades, and his wife Persephone allow him to take his wife back to Earth. This is on the condition that he will not look back during the journey to see if Eurydice is following him. Over the final meters, he looks back and Eurydice disappears forever into the underworld.
Defeated and tormented, Orpheus sits in the forest and sings only sad songs. He no longer looks at women. This is not to the liking of the Maenads, a group of violent nymphs from the retinue of the wine god Dionysos, who perform wild dances in ecstasy and tear people and animals apart with their bare hands. That same fate befell Orpheus, which eventually reunited him with Eurydice in the underworld of Hades.
Sculpture, 2026
Mixed techniques
50 x 31 x 31 cm
Tormented Orpheus
Oedipus Rex
Oedipus was the son of King Laios and Queen Jokasta of Thebes. The Oracle of Delphi predicted that this son would kill his father and marry his mother. To prevent this, his parents pierced the child's ankles and gave him to a shepherd to be abandoned in the mountains. However, the child was rescued and adopted by the childless royal couple of Korinth.
Oedipus, also known as 'swellfoot' due to his deformed feet, later heard of the prophecy. Believing he was a danger to his Korinthian parents, he fled the kingdom and headed toward Thebes. On his way, he quarreled with a stranger and his entourage, unknowingly killing his biological father. At that time, Thebes was plagued by a Sphinx. Oedipus saved the city by solving her riddle and was rewarded with the vacant throne and the hand of the widow, Jocasta.
It is a story about the impossibility of escaping fate. When the truth finally came to light years later, Jokasta committed suicide and Oedipus gouged out his own eyes.
Sculpture, 2026
Mixed techniques
Antigone: moral responsibility
Oedipos was exiled, and his young daughter Antigone accompanied the blind man until his death.
Later, Oedipos' two sons fought for the kingship of Thebes, and both were killed. Their uncle, Kreon, who had become king, ordered a state funeral for the son who defended Thebes but forbade any rites for the son who had attacked the city. Antigone could not bear this and performed symbolic funeral rites for her brother on the battlefield. As a result, she was sentenced to death.
This drama explores the tension between formal law and moral responsibility.
Sophoklos wrote the tragedy Oedipos Rex between 429 and 425 BC, and Antigone in 442 BC.
Sculpture, 2026
Mixed techniques
40 x 28 x 30 cm
Penthesilea: Prime Amazon
In Greek mythology, the Amazons were female warriors. They lived as nomads in a matriarchal society where men played a subordinate role. They primarily inhabited the region around the Black Sea, Anatolia, and Scythia. A renowned queen of the Amazons was Penthesilea, the daughter of the Greek god of war, Ares, and the Amazon queen, Otrere. She was also the sister of another famous queen: Hippolyte.
After the Greek warrior Achilles killed the Trojan hero Hector in a duel, Penthesilea marched to Troy with her army of Amazons to aid the Trojans in their battle against the Greeks. She was an undaunted warrior who personally slew many renowned and famous Greek heroes. Ultimately, Penthesilea faced Achilles on the battlefield. She fought ruthlessly but was defeated by the Greek, for whom the gods had other plans. Achilles pierced her with his spear. As she lay dying, Achilles removed her helmet. The moment he saw her face, he fell instantly in love and was overcome by deep grief and regret.
Penthesilea was a feared queen: a prime Amazon. The connection to the Prime service of the online retailer Amazon is not immediatelly given, except that my sculpture primarily has been made of torn cardboard, largely sourced from Amazon packaging. I even discovered text fragments on my sculpture. Unintentionally, they function as a kind of modern hieroglyphics, or like shards (ostraca) of our time. The online store Amazon, by the way, is named after the world's largest river, not after the mythological female warriors.
Sculpture, 2026
Mixed techniques
72 x 63 x 38 cm
Penthesilea: Prime Amazon
In antiquity, heroes and gods were immortalized in bronze or marble, materials meant for eternity. My Penthesilea is made of hot-melt adhesive and logistical waste, such as torn cardboard from single-use packaging: essentially supply chain waste. The focus in the design of my sculpture lies more on the deconstruction of heroism and the expression of the transience and vulnerability of contemporary society, rather than on the intended glory or the hoped-for durability of the ancients. Wounded as she is, my Amazon queen Penthesilea reincarnates from the remnants of Amazon.
Homer only briefly discusses the Amazons in the Iliad. He describes two situations prior to the Trojan War in which they appear. Apparently, their existence was well-known and required no further explanation. The Posthomerica (Ta meth' Homeron) by the poet Quintus Smyrnaeus is the most important ancient epic that describes the death of Penthesilea in detail. The work likely dates from the 4th century AD. According to Smyrnaeus, Penthesilea came not only to help the Trojans, but also to seek atonement. She had accidentally killed her sister Hippolyte during a hunt and sought death in battle as penance.
Sculpture, 2026
Mixed techniques
72 x 63 x 38 cm